Brazil BC and Coaf Adjust Crypto Reporting

Update October 5, 2026: Coaf has enabled new entries and involvement types in Siscoaf to apply Resolution BCB 588 from October 1, 2026. A new regulatory front was also added, since financial institutions have until December 31, 2026 to comply with Joint Resolution No. 18/2025 on the quality and integrity of data sent to the Central Bank.

Brazil’s Central Bank changed the timeline and scope of reporting to the Financial Activities Control Council, or Coaf, for transfers of virtual assets to or from self-custody wallets worth US$10,000 or more. The requirement was pushed to January 2027, while other measures on custody, retention, and dealings with unauthorized providers were spread between October 2026 and January 2027.

What did Resolution BCB 588 establish?

Resolution BCB No. 588, published in September 2026, required reporting to Coaf of virtual asset transfers valued at the equivalent of US$10,000 or more to or from a self-custody wallet. According to ConJur, that obligation was set to take effect on October 1, 2026. Cryptonews said the threshold covered both sends and receipts between authorized institutions and self-custody wallets.

How did the Central Bank revise the deadline?

Resolution BCB No. 591/2026 revoked 588/2026 and moved the start of reporting to the first business day of January 2027, according to Exame. Portal do Bitcoin said the rule published on September 30 replaced a resolution issued a week earlier, kept the obligation in place, and created a special schedule for the fourth quarter of 2026, with general reporting pushed to January 2027. Exame added that operations carried out between the publication of the rule and December 31, 2026 would be reported in January 2027.

What did Coaf enable in Siscoaf?

Coaf said that from October 1, 2026, two new entries and two new types of involvement would be available in the "SFN - Espécie" segment of Siscoaf, as a result of adjustments made under Resolution BCB No. 588, dated September 23, 2026. The measure is meant to make it possible to record the communications required by the rule.

What other measures did the Central Bank approve?

ConJur reported that Resolution BCB No. 584/2026 created a precautionary hold of up to 24 hours for certain transfers of virtual assets to self-custody wallets or foreign providers, with the measure due to take effect on January 1, 2027. At the same time, Resolution BCB No. 591/2026 prohibited, from November 6, 2026, authorized institutions supervised by the Central Bank from carrying out or facilitating transactions with virtual asset service providers that are not authorized to operate in Brazil.

Livecoins said that Resolutions BCB 588 and 589, published on September 23, 2026, broadened regulatory controls on self-custody, reports to Coaf, custody, assets held abroad, reserves, and staking, as well as transactions with virtual asset service providers.

What deadline do banks have to adjust their data reporting?

Financial institutions have until December 31, 2026 to comply with Joint Resolution No. 18/2025 from the Central Bank of Brazil and the National Monetary Council, which requires a data quality policy for reported information and the ability to demonstrate the integrity of data sent to the Central Bank, according to Veja. EY added that the rule sets 12 quality criteria, including accuracy, clarity, completeness, and traceability, organized into four operational capabilities.

What is the threshold in reais?

The US$10,000 threshold for transfers to or from self-custody wallets was equivalent to about R$52,100, based on the PTAX dollar rate on September 28, 2026, according to Rankia Brasil. The value in reais is variable and depends on the exchange rate applied.

What other reporting scenario did the rule add?

A legal analysis by Bocater said Resolution BCB No. 588 added two mandatory reporting scenarios to Coaf: foreign exchange operations involving the delivery or receipt of cash in foreign currency of at least US$10,000, and transfers of virtual assets to or from self-custody wallets for at least that equivalent amount. Both fall under the same reporting framework that the Central Bank adjusted in September 2026.

Livecoins said that Resolutions BCB 588 and 589, published on September 23, 2026, broadened regulatory controls on self-custody, reports to Coaf, custody, assets held abroad, reserves, and staking, as well as transactions with virtual asset service providers.

Portal do Bitcoin said the Central Bank later appears to have changed the reporting schedule for self-custody crypto transfers to Coaf. The available search result does not provide the official text or notice needed to confirm the exact scope of the alleged delay.